Dependent, Independent and Conditional Probability

Probability, Statistics

Independent and Dependent Events Confusing independent and conditional probability is one of the most common exam errors in this subject. The Statistics Made Simple textbook builds this distinction up carefully with a modern, worked-example approach. The events A and...

Probability with examples

Probability, Statistics

Probability Definition ”The classic coin, dice and card problems here are the building blocks for every distribution and hypothesis test that follows. The Statistics Made Simple textbook builds probability up from exactly these foundations. If an experiment can result...

Sample Space in Statistics

Probability, Statistics

Introduction Sample space and event notation is the vocabulary every later probability topic depends on. The Statistics Made Simple textbook builds probability from these exact foundations with a modern, worked-example approach. The idea of probability is familiar to...

Standard Deviation

Statistics

Definition Standard deviation is the positive square root of the mean of the squared deviations of values from their mean. It measures how spread out the values in a dataset are around the average. Standard deviation is where two conventions quietly diverge —...

Quartile Deviation

Statistics

Definition The quartile deviation is half the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile of a frequency distribution, or simply distribution. Mathematically, quartile deviation would be represented as follows; Quartile deviation is also known as...

Basics of Correlation

Statistics

  Definition “Correlation is easy to calculate and easy to misinterpret — the two properties that make it one of the most exam-tested topics in statistics. The Statistics Made Simple textbook covers correlation and its pitfalls with a modern, worked-example...

Regression

Regression, Statistics

Definition “The least-squares method here is the same one that powers every regression model in modern data science, just done by hand. The Statistics Made Simple textbook builds this up from the same starting point with matching practice questions. Regression is a...

Mode in Statistics

Statistics

Definition Mode is the only measure of central tendency that works for categorical data. The Statistics Made Simple textbook covers mode alongside mean and median with a modern, worked-example approach. The mode is defined as the value in the data, which occur the...

Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles

Frequency Distribution, Statistics

Introduction: In Statistics, we commonly encounter the concept of the median, which represents the middle value or mean of the two middle values in a dataset. However, there are other essential values that divide data into equal parts for more comprehensive analysis....

Median in Statistics

Statistics

Median is one of the most exam-tested descriptive statistics, especially when data is skewed or has outliers. The Statistics Made Simple textbook covers median alongside mean and mode with a modern, worked-example approach. Definition The median divides a frequency...