Development Economics
Development EconomicsComparative Advantage vs Absolute Advantage: Opportunity Cost, Terms of Trade and Worked ExamplesComparative advantage explained: opportunity cost (output and input methods), terms of trade range, a worked two-country example, PPCs and real data.Development EconomicsThe Lewis Model (Dual-Sector Model): Surplus Labour, the Turning Point and Structural ChangeThe Lewis model explained: surplus labour, the subsistence wage, the Lewis turning point, a worked example, China's turning point and Harris-Todaro.Development EconomicsThe Harrod–Domar Model: Formula, Worked Examples and Why It Fails for Developing CountriesThe Harrod-Domar model explained: g = s/v, the capital-output ratio, savings gap examples, knife-edge growth, real ICOR data and why aid plans fell short.Development EconomicsThe Solow Growth Model Explained: Steady State, Golden Rule and ConvergenceSolow growth model explained: steady state derivation, worked example, golden rule level of capital, convergence evidence and practice questions.Development EconomicsHuman Development Index (HDI): Formula, Worked Calculation and Latest RankingsHow the Human Development Index is calculated: goalposts, HDI formula, a worked example for Pakistan and the latest HDR 2025 rankings, with exam practice.Development EconomicsLorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient: How to Calculate and Interpret InequalityLearn how to calculate the Gini coefficient from a Lorenz curve with a worked quintile example, real World Bank data for 10 countries and exam questions.Development EconomicsConclusions: What Speeds Recovery After War, What Fails, and a Checklist for PolicymakersThe IMF finds that output in a country where fighting takes place falls by about 3% when a conflict starts and by about 7% within five…Development EconomicsThe Vietnam War: The Cost to America and Vietnam’s Recovery Through Đổi MớiThe US Department of Defense put the incremental cost of the Vietnam War at $111 billion in the prices of the time, or $738 billion in…Development EconomicsThe Korean War and the Great Divergence Between North and SouthThe 1950–53 war killed an estimated 700,000 South Korean and 900,000 North Korean civilians, plus about 140,000 North Korean, 183,000 Chinese, 47,000 South Korean and 36,574…Development EconomicsGermany and Japan After 1945: The Marshall Plan and the ‘Economic Miracles’German GDP per person fell from $9,698 in 1944 to $3,534 in 1946, a drop of about 64%; Japan's fell from $4,986 in 1941 to $2,711…
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