What are Index Numbers ?

Index Numbers, Statistics

Introduction Often we want to know how certain variables like prices, production, etc. have changed over time and space. For example, we may like to compare the change in the average retail price of milk in 1985 with that in 1982 or we may like to compare the retail...

Dependent, Independent and Conditional Probability

Probability, Statistics

Independent and Dependent Events The events A and B are said to be independent if the occurrence or non-occurrence of event A does not affect the probability of occurrence of B. This means that irrespective whether event A has occurred or not, the probability of B is...

Probability with examples

Probability, Statistics

Probability Definition ”If an experiment can result in n equally likely, mutually exclusive and exhaustive outcomes and m of which are favorable to the occurrences of an event A, the probability that the event A will occur is given by the ratio m/n. Symbolically, the...

Sample Space in Statistics

Probability, Statistics

Introduction The idea of probability is familiar to everyone. In our daily life we make statements such as the following; “It is likely to rain today.” “I will probably go abroad this year.” “I am almost sure that I will win this game.” “The probability that nuclear...

Standard Deviation

Statistics

Definition Standard deviation is the positive square root of the mean of the squared deviations of values from their mean. It measures how spread out the values in a dataset are around the average. Standard deviation is the most widely used measure of dispersion in...

Quartile Deviation

Statistics

Definition The quartile deviation is half the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile of a frequency distribution, or simply distribution. Mathematically, quartile deviation would be represented as follows; Quartile deviation is also known as...

Basics of Correlation

Statistics

  Definition “Correlation is an analysis in which we study the degree of closeness of relationship between the variables.” Explanation Where the values of two variables vary in such a way that the movements i.e. increase or decrease, in one variable is connected...

Regression

Regression, Statistics

Definition “Regression is a process by which we estimate one of the variables, which is dependent variable, on the basis of another variable, which is independent .” Dependent Variable Dependent variable is the one which is intended to be estimate or predicted is...

Mode in Statistics

Statistics

Definition The mode is defined as the value in the data, which occur the greatest number of times in an array of data. For example i. The mode of the values 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 9 and 10 is 9 ii. The mode of the values 11, 12, 12, 14, 15, 15, 15, 17, 17 and 19 is 15....

Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles

Frequency Distribution, Statistics

Introduction: In Statistics, we commonly encounter the concept of the median, which represents the middle value or mean of the two middle values in a dataset. However, there are other essential values that divide data into equal parts for more comprehensive analysis....