Aggregate Demand : Summary

 Aggregate Demand We know that when it comes to people demand for money – there are 3 elements that has the ability to change the decisions of the individuals in either spending more or less. And these elements are: Income (Output) Interest rate (I) Price Level (P) In...

Types and Strategies of Game Theory

Types of Game Theory Cooperative Game :  It is an economic game played by firms in which players or firms can negotiate on binding contracts which allows them  to make mixed or joint strategies. Example: Ahmed and Ali are buyer and seller respectively and they are...

Game Theory Introduction

Introduction Game theory is the study of strategic interactions — situations where the outcome for each participant depends not only on their own decisions, but also on the decisions of others. It is one of the most powerful analytical tools in economics, used to...

Circular Flow of Income

The Circular Flow of Income is a macroeconomic model showing how money, goods, and services flow continuously between households and firms — and how injections and leakages affect the size of the flow. The Basic Two-Sector Model In its simplest form, the circular flow...

Standard Deviation

Definition Standard deviation is the positive square root of the mean of the squared deviations of values from their mean. It measures how spread out the values in a dataset are around the average. Standard deviation is the most widely used measure of dispersion in...

Quartile Deviation

Definition The quartile deviation is half the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile of a frequency distribution, or simply distribution. Mathematically, quartile deviation would be represented as follows; Quartile deviation is also known as...

Basics of Correlation

  Definition “Correlation is an analysis in which we study the degree of closeness of relationship between the variables.” Explanation Where the values of two variables vary in such a way that the movements i.e. increase or decrease, in one variable is connected...

Regression

Definition “Regression is a process by which we estimate one of the variables, which is dependent variable, on the basis of another variable, which is independent .” Dependent Variable Dependent variable is the one which is intended to be estimate or predicted is...

Mode in Statistics

Definition The mode is defined as the value in the data, which occur the greatest number of times in an array of data. For example i. The mode of the values 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 9 and 10 is 9 ii. The mode of the values 11, 12, 12, 14, 15, 15, 15, 17, 17 and 19 is 15....

Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles

Introduction: In Statistics, we commonly encounter the concept of the median, which represents the middle value or mean of the two middle values in a dataset. However, there are other essential values that divide data into equal parts for more comprehensive analysis....